Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1962 for organizing an international campaign to ban nuclear bomb testing, culminating in a petition to the United Nations signed by approximately 10,000 scientists in 49 countries demanding an immediate end to nuclear weapon testing. This and his persistent appeals to the superpower leaders, explaining the malignancies and birth malformations that radioactive fallout would bring, and asserting that man has no right to destroy the world, paved the way for the signing of the nuclear test ban treaty by Kennedy and Khrushchev, which Pauling helped draft. When President Kennedy invited him to a dinner honoring Nobel Laureates, the professor spent the day of the reception demonstrating outside the White House against atomic bomb tests and that evening danced with the First Lady at the reception. Pauling also refused to lend his genius to the development of the atomic bomb during the second world war, despite intense pressure from the federal government and the alluring prospect of unlimited funding and prestige. In 1946 he was asked to serve on the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists by its chairman, Professor Einstein. Pauling’s principled stand in resisting nuclear proliferation and weapons experimentation during the irrational excesses of the McCarthy era made him a target of federal investigatory committees and violent threats, and caused him to be denied a passport to travel oversees and branded a communist spy. His engagement and leadership in the cause of world peace, including writing a book titled No More War (1958) along with his nutritional research, establish him in my opinion as one of the 20th century's great humanitarians.